{"id":23963,"date":"2019-12-01T15:23:59","date_gmt":"2019-12-01T14:23:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meteorage.com\/?post_type=scientifiques&#038;p=23963"},"modified":"2024-11-07T15:37:02","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T14:37:02","slug":"european-geosciences-union-global-ground-strike-point-characteristics-in-negative-downward-lightning-flashes","status":"publish","type":"scientifiques","link":"https:\/\/www.meteorage.com\/pt-pt\/publicacoes\/european-geosciences-union-global-ground-strike-point-characteristics-in-negative-downward-lightning-flashes\/","title":{"rendered":"CIGRE ICLPS &#8211; Risco de queda de raios: como melhorar os c\u00e1lculos (IEC 62305-2)?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"23963\" class=\"elementor elementor-23963 elementor-23959\" data-elementor-post-type=\"scientifiques\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95e9f7a e-con-full banner-padding e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"95e9f7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5902a2 e-con-full banner-type-detail e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f5902a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19936b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"19936b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b8a4e8 banner-content e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b8a4e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45920eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"45920eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"category-items-wrapper\"><div class=\"term-item\">Publica\u00e7\u00f5es cient\u00edficas<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a704adb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a704adb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Risco de queda de raios: como melhorar os c\u00e1lculos (IEC 62305-2)?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc07bcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc07bcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Este estudo foi publicado no Col\u00f3quio Internacional CIGRE sobre Raios e Sistemas de Energia (ICLPS).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fab272 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3fab272\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cfe41d elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-ube-button\" data-id=\"4cfe41d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ube-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"ube-btn btn btn-md btn- btn-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meteorage.com\/pt-pt\/publicacoes-e-notas-tecnicas\" id=\"return-link\">\n\t    <span class=\"ube-btn-text\">&lt; voltar \u00e0 listagem<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfe4633 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dfe4633\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d94074b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d94074b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9058c6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d9058c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e5ac39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0e5ac39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f831d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3f831d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.meteorage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1.4_ICLPS2019_Rousseau_et_al.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"505\" height=\"726\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meteorage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/CIGRE-ICLP-Calculation.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-24011\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.meteorage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/CIGRE-ICLP-Calculation.png 505w, https:\/\/www.meteorage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/CIGRE-ICLP-Calculation-209x300.png 209w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c755742 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c755742\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb38dba e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bb38dba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dad4495 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dad4495\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Resumo (em ingl\u00eas)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9de4f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b9de4f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>IEC 62305-2 is the reference standard for lightning risk calculation. Its formulas are used by many other standards including electrical installation, photovoltaic systems and wind turbines.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>First standard has been published in 2006 but is based on IEC report dated 1995. In spite of this long experience there are still fields of improvements. The edition 2 of this standard appears as too complex for simple cases and too simple for complex cases. The complexity can be addressed by software also the paper concentrates on improvements for the most complex cases.<\/p>\n<p>High rise structures or structures located on a top of a hill\/mountain are presently covered by an environment factor Cd defined in IEC 62305-2. The maximum value 2 for this factor Cd seems to be too low.\u00a0<strong>The new draft for wind turbine lightning protection standard is proposing other<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); text-align: var(--text-align);\"><strong>\u00a0concept and values for this factor Cd.<\/strong>\u00a0Recent experience has also shown that the risk for regular structures using this factor Cd may be underestimated and the shape of the terrain should be better described.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); text-align: var(--text-align);\">For Lightning Location Systems that don\u2019t provide directly the lightning ground strike-point density Nsg, a safety margin should be applied to the flash ground density Ng even if the ratio between the two are not constant in places and in time.\u00a0<\/span><strong>Temporary activities with a duration of less than a year should be covered by the standards.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There is a benefit to address the lightning density per month, but it is not suggested to use a shorter time window.\u00a0<strong>Nsg is a mean value based on 10 years\u2019 observation.\u00a0<\/strong>It is suggested<strong>\u00a0for more sensitive or riskier activities to consider the highest value for Nsg during these 10 years and not the mean value.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Soil resistivity is a key parameter for underground services. However, soil resistivity is very difficult to obtain on a large scale when a service can extend up to 1 km away from the structure.\u00a0Probabilities related to the use of Surge Protective Devices are currently confusing as it is only based on SPD withstand when an SPD can withstand and not protect equipment.\u00a0<strong>What is important to protect are equipment and not SPDs.<\/strong>\u00a0Pspd should include both the SPD withstand and the protection efficiency near sensitive equipment.<\/p>\n<p><b>Losses is also another confusing parameter\u00a0<\/b>because it is mainly based on fire risk when the damages caused by lightning may not involve a fire. The concept of losses should\u00a0<strong>be replaced by the frequency of damage that would allow to define the protection based on what is really needed associating damage scenarios to the frequency of damages.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2016488 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2016488\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meteorage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1.4_ICLPS2019_Rousseau_et_al.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Descarregar o estudo (em ingl\u00eas)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1b4726 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c1b4726\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a70f389 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a70f389\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1922013 our-mission  e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1922013\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49d9755 icon-text-links e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"49d9755\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de3e8fd elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"de3e8fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"noun-verified-time-3388672\" width=\"35.861\" height=\"35.86\" viewBox=\"0 0 35.861 35.86\"><path id=\"Path_14201\" data-name=\"Path 14201\" d=\"M29.884,15.689a.747.747,0,0,0,1.494,0A15.689,15.689,0,1,0,15.689,31.378a.747.747,0,1,0,0-1.494A14.195,14.195,0,1,1,29.884,15.689Z\" fill=\"#ffe98f\"><\/path><path id=\"Path_14202\" data-name=\"Path 14202\" d=\"M10.747,3.141A.747.747,0,0,0,10,3.888V14.137a.747.747,0,0,0,.747.747h7.065a.747.747,0,1,0,0-1.494H11.494v-9.5A.746.746,0,0,0,10.747,3.141Z\" transform=\"translate(4.942 1.552)\" fill=\"#ffe98f\"><\/path><path id=\"Path_14203\" data-name=\"Path 14203\" d=\"M21.218,13a8.218,8.218,0,1,0,8.218,8.218A8.228,8.228,0,0,0,21.218,13Zm0,14.942a6.724,6.724,0,1,1,6.724-6.724A6.732,6.732,0,0,1,21.218,27.942Z\" transform=\"translate(6.424 6.424)\" fill=\"#ffe98f\"><\/path><path id=\"Path_14204\" data-name=\"Path 14204\" 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